Adverb शब्द-भेद की श्रेणी को कहते हैं जिनसे verb, adjective या अन्य adverb के अर्थ को सुधारते या उसकी विशेषता प्रकट करते हैं उनके बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देते हैं.
Adverb is the part of speech that provide additional information about some verb, adjective or some other adverb.
जैसे adjective से किसी noun या pronoun के अर्थ में सुधार होता है, उसी तरह adverb से verb, adjective या किसी अन्य adverb के अर्थ में सुधार होता है.
Just like an adjective describes some noun or pronoun, an adverb describes some verb, adjective or some other adverb.
| Adjective | is to | Noun Pronoun |
| Adverb | is to | Verb Adjective Adverb |
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Raju runs quickly.
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यहां क्रिया run को वर्णित कर रहा है quickly. The adverb quickly is describing the verb run. |
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This is a very sweet mango.
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sweet एक adjective है और very इस adjective के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी दे रहा है. Very is used to add additional information about the adjective sweet. |
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Sahib reads quite clearly.
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इस वाक्य में adverb clearly क्रिया reads को वर्णित करता है और adverb quite वर्णित करता है clearly को. The adverb clearly describes the verb read, while the adverb quite describes clearly.. |
वाक्यों के आरम्भ में प्रयुक्त adverb कभी-कभी किसी एक शब्द को modify न करके सम्पूर्ण वाक्य को modify करता है.
Adverbs used at the beginning of a sentence sometimes modify the meaning of the entire sentence.
Kind of Adverbs (एडवर्ब के प्रकार)
Adverbs can be classified into different categories depending on their use.
वाक्य में उपयोग से उभरने वाले अर्थ के अनुसार adverb को अलग-अलग प्रकार में विभाजित किया जा सकता है.
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यह adverb प्रकट करता है कि काम कब हुआ.
The adverb of time elaborates on the time of an activity.
1. I am going to school now. Both the adverbs now and late express time-related information about their associated verbs.
now और late दोनों ही verb द्वारा किये जा रहे कार्य के समय के बारे में जानकारी देते हैं.2. He arrived late for work before, after, daily, never, yesterday जैसे adverbs जो verb द्वारा किये जाने वाले कार्य के समय से सम्बधित जानकारी देते हैं उन्हें adverbs of time कहते हैं.
Adverb of number प्रकट करता है कि काम कितनी बार हुआ.
The adverb of frequency elaborates on how many times (the frequency) of any activity. Adverb of frequency is also sometimes referred to the adverb of number.
1. I have read the book twice. twice and often both are adverbs that indicate the frequency.
twice और often दोनों ही इस बात की जानकारी देते हैं कि कितनी बार verb द्वारा किये जा रहे कार्य हो रहे हैं.2. He often comes here. often, twice, seldom, once जैसे adverbs जो verb द्वारा किये जाने वाले कार्य की संख्या के बारे में देते हैं उन्हें adverbs of number या adverb of frequency कहते हैं.
इस Adverb से पता चलता है कि काम कहाँ (किस जगह) हुआ या होना है.
When an adverb describes where an activity was done, it is known as the adverb of place.
1. Come here. See how the adverb answers the question where and attaches a location like here or there, to the verbs come and go.
यहाँ here और there का उपयोग come तथा go के साथ किया गया है. और ये इस बात की जानकारी देता है कि कहाँ आना या जाना हैं.2. Go there. in, out, here, there, under, above इस श्रेणी (adverb of place) में प्रयुक्त होने वाले कुछ शब्द हैं.
Adverb of manner से काम किस प्रकार हुआ, इस बात की जानकारी मिलती है.
When an adverb describes the quality of an activity being done, it is known as the adverb of manner.
1. Write clearly. The adverbs clearly and hard attached to write and work, describe the how.
यहाँ clearly और hard का उपयोग write तथा work के साथ किया गया है. और ये इस बात की जानकारी देता है कि काम कैसा करना है.2. Ram works hard.
The adverb of degree elaborates on the quantity.
Adverb of degree या quantity मात्रा की जानकारी मिलती है.
1. I am fully prepared for the exam. Here fully describes the verb prepared, while very describes another adverb hard.
यहाँ fully एक verb prepared के बारे में और very एक दूसरे adverb hard के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देता है.2. Ram works very hard.
The adverb that describes acceptance or rejection is known as the Adverb of Affirmation or Negation.
इस Adverb से स्वीकृती या अस्वीकृती की पुष्टी होती है.
1. I do not know him. Not negates the verb know, while certainly accepts it.
यहाँ not verb know को अस्वीकृत करता है, जब की certainly वर्ब की स्वीकृती देता है.2. I certainly know him.
Adverb of reason describes the reason or cause of the action.
Adverb of reason से कारण का बोध करता है.
1. There was a huge protest. The government therefore passed the bill. Here therefore points to a reason for the action passed.
यहाँ therefore pass करने की वजह के बारे में जानकारी देता है.
Some words are such that you can be used as adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions and / or nouns. The part of speech of such words is determined by the way are used in the sentence.
कुछ शब्द ऐसे हैं जिनके वाक्य में प्रयोग से पता चलता है कि वह adverb है अथवा adjective या noun.
Use an Adverb (एडवर्ब का उपयोग)
Adverb को उपयोग कैसे करते हैं?
In a sentence, the adverb is placed near the verb or adjective that it is describing. The meaning of the sentence is effected by the position of the adverb, for eg.
Adverb जिस शब्द की विशेषता का विवरण करता है और उस adverb को पास से पास रखना चाहिए क्योंकि वाक्य में adverb की स्थिति के अनुसार वाक्य के अर्थ में परिवर्तन हो जाता है, जैसे…
| I have often thought of going to my grandparent’s house. | यहाँ often का प्रयोग thought के साथ किया गया है. Often से पता चलता है कि मैं कितनी बार सोचता हूँ. |
| I have thought of going often to my grandparent’s house. | यहाँ often का प्रयोग going के साथ किया गया है. यहाँ पर पता चलता है कि मैं कितनी बार जाना चाहता हूँ. |
When describing an intransitive verb, the adverb is generally placed after the verb.
Intransitive verb की विशेषता प्रकट करने वाला adverb सामान्य रूप से उस verb के बाद आता है.
| My friend lives here. |
| She speaks fluently. |
The adverbs of time like always, never, ever, often, seldom, sometimes and irregularly are placed before the verbs they modify.
Adverbs of time, जैसे always, never, ever, often, seldom, sometimes और irregularly उन verbs के पहले आता है जिनका वे अर्थ सुधारते हैं.
| I always go to school on time. |
| She never speaks a lie. |
but, these adverbs are placed after the verb to be.
मगर, ये adverbs को to be verb के बाद प्रयुक्त किया जाता है.
| He is always cheerful. |
When used describe a transitive verb, the adverb is used after that verb.
जब किसी transitive verb के बाद उसका कर्म हो तब adverb कर्म के पश्चात आता है.
| He performed his duty carefully. |
When the verb has some auxiliary verb connected to it, then the adverb describing that verb is placed between the auxiliary and main verb.
जब किसी वाक्य में verb के साथ उसका कोई auxiliary verb जुड़ा हो तब उस verb की विशेषता बयान करने वाला adverb प्रायः auxiliary verb और main verb के बीच प्रयुक्त होता है.
| I have always told him to work hard. |
| He does not know my address. |
Simple Adverbs (साधारण क्रियाविशेषण)
I have nearly reached home.
The soldiers fought bravely.
Simple adverbs are all those adverbs that just modify the targeted verb, adjective or adverb.
साधारण क्रियाविशेषण के अंतर्गत वे सभी क्रिया विशेषण आते हैं जो केवल अपने चिन्हित क्रिया, विशेषण या क्रियाविशेषण को modify करते हैं.
In comparison to the simple adverbs, we have interrogative adverbs and relative adverbs that do a little more than modifying some word.
साधारण क्रियाविशेषण के तुलना में हमारे पास होते हैं प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण और सम्बन्धवाचक क्रियाविशेषण.
The adverbs that are used to ask a question are classified as interroative adverbs
जब किसी क्रिया-विशेषण का उपयोग प्रश्न पूछने के लिये जाता है, तो उसे प्रश्नवाचक क्रियाविशेषण कहा जाता है.
Where are you going?
Why are you late for school?
Here the adverb performs and additional task of asking a question.
यहाँ पर क्रियाविशेषण ने प्रश्न पूछने का अतिरिक्त कार्य भी किया है.
Relative Adverbs (सम्बंधवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)
Is this the place where you stayed?
Do you know why my friend was crying?
Please observe the use of the adverb where. This modifies the verb stayed, in connection to something mentioned previously.
कृपया क्रिया-विशेषण where के उपयोग पर नजर डालें. यह क्रिया stayed को वर्णित करता है और पुर्व में बताऐ गये किसी का सम्बंध को बताता है.
Forms of Adverbs (क्रियाविशेषण के रूप)
Let us see some different forms in which adverbs are deployed.
आइये देखते हैं कुछ अलग रूप जिनमें क्रियाविशेषण को प्रयुक्त करना जाहते हैं.
Some words are used in the same form as an adverb as their corresponding adjectives, i.e. some words can be used both as adverbs and as adjectives.
कुछ शब्दों ऐसे भी होते हैं जिन के जिस रूप को क्रियावशेषण की तरह प्रयुक्त करते हैं, उनके उसी रूप को विशेषण की तरह भी उपयोग में लाया जाता है.
We can decide what Part of Speech is being applied only by evaluating how the word is used.
कौन से शब्द-भेद का उपयोग किया गया है इसका पता तो वाक्य का विशलेषण करने पर ही पता चलता है.
| As Adverb | As Adjective | |
| 1. | He bowls fast. | He is a fast bowler. |
| 2. | Go back. | This is the back door of the house. |
| 3. | He worked hard to achieve his goal. | He is a hard worker. |
Forms with and without ‘ly’ – same meaning
| 1. | She talks loud. | She talks loudly. |
Here the use of the word loud in both cases ie. with and without ly has the same meaning.
यहाँ loud के दोनों उपयोग – ly के साथ और बिना – से प्रकट होने वाला अर्थ एक ही है.
Sometimes the two forms of adverbs (with and with ‘ly’) have different meanings.
कभी-कभी ly के बिना या साथ वाले दोनो रूप वाले क्रियाविशेषण के अर्थ अलग होते हैं.
| 1. | He works hard. | He hardly works. |
| hard – as diligently. | hardly – as very little. | |
| 2. | He has arrived late. | I have not seen him lately. |
| late – opposite of early. | lately – recently. |
Take a look at the below examples…
निम्न उदाहरण पर गौर करें…
| The usage | With the missing (understood) part | |
| 1. | A down train | A down-going train |
| 2. | The above fact | The above-mentioned fact |
In these examples, it appears that the adverbs have been used like adjectives.
ऐसा प्रकट होता है जैसे की इन उदाहरणों में क्रियाविशेषण का उपयोग एक विशेषण की तरह किया गया है.
In the following sentences the is a demonstrative pronoun that is used as an adverb and is not a definite article.
निम्न वाक्यों में the का उपयोग संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम (demonstrative pronoun) की तरह किया गया है जो एक क्रियाविशेषण की भूमिका में है – ना की डेफिनिट आर्टिकल (definite article) की तरह.
| The usage | Explanation | |
| 1. | The more the merrier | In both these the express the extent of quantity – If there is (how much) more it would be (that much) merrier. |
| 2. | The sooner the better. | Depending on (how much) soon, the action in consideration is completed, it would be (that much) better. |
This type of usage of the as an adverb is made only with some adjective or another adverb that is in the comparative degree.
केवल उत्तरावस्था स्तर के किसी अन्य विशेषण या दूसरे क्रियाविशेषण के साथ उपयोग करते समय the का क्रियाविशेषण के रूप में ऐसा उपयोग किया जा सकता है.
Position of Adverbs (क्रियाविशेषण का स्थान)
If an object is present, adverbs of manner, adverbs of time and adverbs of place are generally placed after it otherwise they are placed after the verb.
यदि वाक्य में कारक मौजूद है, तो adverb of manner, adverb of time और adverb of place उसके बाद रखा जाता है अन्यथा उस adverb को क्रिया के बाद रखा जाता है.
| He dances well. She is sitting quietly. I looked everywhere for my friends. It is written on the wall. |
When 2 or more adverbs are used in together in the after position, their normal order is… (1) Adverb of manner, (2) Adverb of place, and (3) Adverb of time.
जब बाद में वाले दो या अधीक क्रियाविशेषण का उपयोग किया जाना होता है तब उनक साधारण क्रम होता है…. (1) Adverb of manner, (2) Adverb of place, और (3) Adverb of time.
| Ram will go there today evening. | Three adverbs are used here. |
| He performed sincerely in the concerttonight. | Three adverbs are used here, in the concert is used here as an adverb phrase. |
The adverb of frequency is generally placed before the verb.
Adverb of frequency को साधारण तौर पर क्रिया के पहले रखा जाता है.
| He rarely dances. I usually sleep by nine. She always comes to class on time. |
If the verb is of one word then this adverb is placed between the subject and the verb.
यदि क्रिया एक शब्द का है तब यह adverb कर्ता और क्रिया के बीच में रखा जाता है.
If the verb comprises of more than word then this adverb is placed after then first word of the verb group.
यदि क्रिया एक से अधीक शब्द का हो तब इस adverb को क्रिया के पहले शब्द के बाद रखा जाता है.
| He is rarely seen at the parties. He was always going to school by bus. She is never late for school. |
When the adverb has to be stressed, it is placed even before the auxilliary verb.
जब क्रियाविशेषण पर जोर प्रकट करना होता है, उसे सहयोगी क्रिया के भी पहले रखा जाता है.
When an adverb is used to modify another adverb, then it is placed before that other adverb.
जब कोई क्रियाविशेषण किसी अन्य क्रियाविशेषण को संशोधित करता है, तब उसे उस दूसरे क्रियाविशेषण के पहले रखा जाता है.
| The house is very nice. |
| Do not speak so fast. |
The word only should be placed immediately before the word it modifies.
only को साधारण तौर उस शब्द के तुरंत पहले रखा जाता है जिसे वह संशोधित करता है.
| I studied only at nights. | He has worked only for three hours. |
| I only studied at nights. | He has only worked for three hours. |
The word enough should be placed immediately after the word it modifies.
enough को साधारण तौर उस शब्द के बाद रखा जाता है जिसे वह संशोधित करता है.
| Work fast enough to complete the work on time. |
| Practise enough to master the new art. |
| Please make sure the box is big enough |
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